2 A study of the literature covering the battle of Lepanto would require volumes. The allies captured 117 galleys and many thousands of men, liberated about 15,000 enslaved Christians, and sank or burned about 50 galleys. [citation needed], The Ottoman fleet consisted of 57 galleys and two galliots on its right under Mehmed Siroco, 61 galleys and 32 galliots in the centre under Ali Pasha in the Sultana, and about 63 galleys and 30 galliots in the south offshore under Uluç Ali. Lepanto. The Maltese force bore the brunt of the attack and suffered tremendous casualties, but disaster was averted by the timely intervention of Santa Cruz. He travelled through his fleet in a swift sailing vessel, exhorting his officers and men to do their utmost. While neither fleet had immediate strategic resources or objectives in the gulf, both chose to engage. The Greatest Sea Battle in History: Lepanto, October 1571 For more than three years, Pope Pius V had labored mightily to sound alarms about the deadly Muslim buildup in the shipyards of Istanbul. At the start of the 20th century too, Emilio Salgari devoted his historical novel, Il Leone di Damasco ("The Lion of Damascus", 1910), to the Battle of Lepanto, which was eventually to be adapted to film by Corrado D'Errico in 1942. [60] There were celebrations and festivities with triumphs and pageants at Rome and Venice with Turkish slaves in chains.[61]. The fortress of Palmanova in Italy originally called Palma was built by the Republic of Venice on 7 October 1593 to commemorate the victory. There were also translations in other languages, including into Dutch as Den Slach van Lepanten (1593) by Abraham van der Myl. An arm when cut off cannot grow again; but a shorn beard will grow all the better for the razor. Cyprus was formally ceded to the Ottoman Empire, and Venice agreed to pay an indemnity of 300,000 ducats. …defeating the Ottoman fleet at Lepanto (1571). [21], The Christian fleet consisted of 206 galleys and six galleasses (large new galleys with substantial artillery, developed by the Venetians) and was commanded by Spanish Admiral John of Austria, the illegitimate son of Emperor Charles V and half-brother of King Philip II of Spain, supported by the Spanish commanders Don Luis de Requesens y Zúñiga and Don Álvaro de Bazán, and Genoan commander Gianandrea Doria. The defeat at Lepanto further exemplified the rapid deterioration of Ottoman might under Selim II, and Christians rejoiced at this setback for the Ottomans. Don Juan split his fleet into three sections: on the left (north), the Venetians under Agostin Barbarigo; on the right (south), Andrea Doria led the Genoese and Papal galleys; in the center, Don John commanded his flagship and galleys. Thanks to the long-standing Franco-Ottoman alliance, the Ottomans were able to resume naval activity in the western Mediterranean. Ottoman expansion in the 17th century shifted to land war with Austria on one hand, culminating in the Great Turkish War of 1683–1699, and to the war with Safavid Persia on the other. Venice also deeply distrusted Spanish influence in Italy. But I would have you know the difference between your loss and ours. The battle was in essence an "infantry battle on floating platforms". The Ottoman fleet had an express order from the Sultan to fight, and John of Austria found it necessary to attack in order to maintain the integrity of the expedition in the face of personal and political disagreements within the Holy League. Nevertheless, they were not really decisive; a galley fleet can be built in a few months and the logistical limitations of galleys prohibit the strategic exploitation of victory. Venice had attempted to check Ottoman expansion in the eastern Mediterranean until 1540 but then, exhausted and despairing of support, made a humiliating peace with Süleyman I. The Battle of Lepanto (= The I Tatti Renaissance Library, Band 61). Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [50], Pius V died on 1 May 1572. The sultan had been stung by the surprising defeat of his overwhelming invasion force in Malta in 1565. In vain. Mausoleum of Don Juan de Austria, designed by Ponciano Ponzano. France and the Holy Roman Empire were preoccupied with the sweeping changes wrought by the Reformation. Don Juan de Austria, Philip’s young half brother, was to be commander in chief, and the papal general Marcantonio Colonna was to be his lieutenant. 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