the GELOSE, Gestion Locale Sécurisée, launched on 1996), more efforts are still needed to guarantee a transfer of management rights to local communities (Bertrand 1999, Conservation International 2009). FAO. Archaeological investigations in the 20th century indicated that human settlers reached Madagascar about 700 ce. Environmental Conservation 34: 325-333, Myers, N. 1988. The forests of Makira provide an important “genetic corridor” between the two above protected areas and ensure the integrity of the most important ecosystem of Madagascar. In addition, there are similar areas of deforestation and conservation actions taking place across Madagascar (e.g. 2003, Hanski et al. 2007:13). Although some efforts has already been made (e.g. INS Jalashwa will leave for Comoros to deliver 1000 metric tonnes of rice and then will head to the Port of Ehoala in Madagascar to deliver a consignment of 1000 metric tonnes of rice and 100,000 tablets of HCQ to help Madagascar in dealing with the drought situation in South Madagascar. Madagascar - Madagascar - History: Archaeological investigations in the 20th century indicated that human settlers reached Madagascar about 700 ce. African Studies Quarterly 3, Whitehurst, A. S., J. O. Sexton, L. Dollar. The nation has a population of over 24.4 million people and is primarily made up of the Malagasy ethnic group who account for over 90% of the total population.The country is a Francophone nation and has Malagasy and French as the official languages. Conservation International, Madagascar government, and the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) are working together to improve the situation of deforestation there. It is separated from the African coast by the Mozambique Channel. In some areas the rulers appeared to be absolute, while in others elders and priests had the preponderant influence. Madagascar is a large island located in the Indian Ocean, and has a tropical climate, rainy along the east coast, arid in the south-west, and temperate in the mountains.In inland areas, mountain ranges mitigate the climate, while rainfall varies depending on slope exposure. 2000. Madagascar is an island nation located off the southeastern coast of Africa.Because of its long separation from neighboring continents—through tectonic movement, it split from Africa about 160 million years ago, and from India around 90 million years ago—it contains many species endemic to the island. Much of Madagascar was populated by internal migration before the beginning of the 16th century, giving the theretofore empty lands their tompontany (original inhabitants, or “masters of the soil”). Global Action Atlas - Makira Forest Initiative 2009 http://www.actionatlas.org/content_detail.php?uid=paaE2495E3857370BEF6 (last accessed 19 October 2009), Wildlife Conservation Society. Alex the lion is the king of the urban jungle, the main attraction at New York's Central Park Zoo. Camel Pen. Using the Arabic alphabet, the texts were written in the Malagasy language and were both religious and secular in nature. 2009). Deforestation hotspots will also contribute to the biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al. Madagascar, comprising 3.2% and 2.8% of plant and vertebrate animal species, respectively, is critical to biodiversity because of its high concentration of endemic species (Myers et al. 2000). Deforestation has long been an issue for Madagascar as it is one of the world's top biodiversity conservation priorities because of its high concentration of endemic species and extreme rates of habitat loss (Whitehurst et al. But this biodiversity is now in danger considering less than 10% of the original forest cover of the Makira Forest still stands today (Conservation International 2009). Madagascar is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean and is made up of the island of Madagascar and several other small islands. now have planned to bring new jobs and ecotourism to the area while also offering training in irrigation for lowland rice field (Conservation International 2009). It was ruled by a “Moorish king” and had an aristocracy with privileges deriving presumably from Islam. The towns belonged to an Afro-Arab commercial network in the western Indian Ocean that undoubtedly predated the 16th century. European Agriculture in a Globalized World – Expansion or Abandonment? The Tropic of Capricorn (or the Southern Tropic) is the circle of latitude that contains the subsolar point at the December (or southern) solstice.It is thus the southernmost latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead. Nature 403: 853–858. Along the northwest coast of Madagascar, mangroves and coral reefs partner up to create dynamic, diverse coastal ecosystems. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005: Progress towards sustainable forest management. It is a tremendously valuable site for biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and other critical ecosystem services. Local communities should better control and manage local natural resources.Projects in Makira are “intended to help facilitate contracts that would transfer more management rights from the government to the local people” (Conservation International 2009). The biodiversity level of Makira-system, which connects the Masoala National Park and Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, is among the highest in the world. 2007). A. There are nonetheless a number of Bantu words in the language, as well as some phonetic and grammatical modifiers of Bantu origin. Having impacted approximately 94% of Madagascar's previously forest lands, deforestation here has a profound effect and a long history. 2006). 2009. Tambo Airport or Paris, France. Following the old agricultural method of burning down trees and irrigating with rainfall, farmers still cultivate rice on hillsides, with a consequence of more eroded farmlands. Although Asian features predominate on the whole, African ancestry is present and African influences in Malagasy material and nonmaterial culture are evident; the history and precise nature of this relationship, however, remains a matter of debate. Numerous species have been affected by deforestation, including lizards, small mammals, insects, freshwater organisms, etc. Located about 100 miles east of the capital city of Antananarivo, Mantadia National Park is home to 14 species of lemurs, plus 117 types of birds and 84 kinds of amphibians. It’s these fires that burn large portions of forests. Farmland Abandonment Driven by Post-Socialist Transition, Soy Expansion in the Chaco Forest, Argentina, Soy Plantation Expansion in Mato Grosso, Brazil, Subsistence Agricultural Expansion Threatening Biodiversity, Sugarcane Plantation Expansion, primarily for Ethanol Production, Boreal deforestation of Far Eastern Siberia, Deforestation in Riau's Forests: Two Global Pulp and Paper Companies will Decide Their Fate, Rondônia’s Deforestation Caused by Clearing along Roads, Rubber is replacing natural forests in Mainland Southeast Asia, Glacial Retreat in Northern and Southern Patagonian Icefields, Argentina & Chile, Urbanization in Bangalore Karnataka, India, http://www.conservation.org/learn/climate/forests/Pages/project_makira.aspx, http://www.actionatlas.org/content_detail.php?uid=paaE2495E3857370BEF6, http://www.wcs.org/where-we-work/africa/madagascar.aspx. The Environmentalist 8 (3): 187-208. 1999. Some scholars are working on improving soil fertility following deforestation and conversion in Madagascar (see in T.-G. Vĺgen et al. By the 1630s the Antemoro had formed a theocratic state, which was the only state in Madagascar at the time to possess written texts. Located in the Indian Ocean, Madagascar is located 250 miles (400 km) off the east coast of mainland Africa. 2007:13). Still, small local states were found at many points along the coast visited by European ships. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C.G. In one area in southeastern Madagascar, later to become known as Fort-Dauphin (site of the French East India Company fort of that name; present-day Tôlan̈aro), early Europeans believed they had found a Muslim state in existence among the Antanosy people of the region. There exists “a large, but often neglected, capacity of a dry tropical forest to spontaneously regenerate given a window triggered by declining pressures” (Elmqvist et al. Fire Alert System 2007 http://firealerts.conservation.org/ (last accessed 19 October 2009), Makira Forest Initiative, Madagascar 2009 http://www.conservation.org/learn/climate/forests/Pages/project_makira.aspx (last accessed 19 October 2009), National Geographic Society. Alliances and wars were usually short-lived affairs involving limited economic objectives and little loss of life, and they seldom led to any border adjustments. 2007 Patterns of Loss and Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar: The Social Institutional Context. This project intends to reduce deforestation activity across Makira's 350,000 hectares. Most of the nearly 20 ethnic groups that make up the modern Malagasy population did not attain any form of “national” consciousness until new political ideas arrived from abroad in the 1500s and began to spread throughout the island. Poverty is still the big problem and requires support and effort from both domestic and international interests.Different projects (from Conservation International, WCS, World Bank etc.) Threatened Biotas: “Hot Spots” in Tropical Forests. 2000). Mantadia Corridor, to the south of Makira) (Conservation International 2009). Bantu elements exist in every dialect of Malagasy and appear to have been established for some time. Within one or two generations the descendants of this group had intermarried and merged with the local tompontany to form another group known as the Antemoro. The airport is home to Madagascar's national airline, Air Madagascar. Deforestation (due to unsustainable agriculture practice) could exhaust the soil, increase erosion and contaminate water supplies. Enormous forest areas of Madagascar are threatened by flames annually, from uncontrolled wildfires and lands burned for grazing. 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